Causal debiasing for unknown bias in histopathology—A colon cancer use case

• Ramón L. Correa-Medero,

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations School of Computing And Augmented Intelligence Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arziona, United States of America, Mayo Clinic Arizona Department of Radiology, Phoenix, Arziona, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2247-7777

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• Rish Pai,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department Of Pathology Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America

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• Kingsley Ebare,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department Of Pathology Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America

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• Daniel D. Buchanan,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

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• Mark A. Jenkins,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Carlton, Victoria, Australia

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• Amanda I. Phipps,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

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• Polly A. Newcomb,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

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• Steven Gallinger,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgical Oncology Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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• Robert Grant,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Vector Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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• Loic Le marchand,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America

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• Imon Banerjee

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: Banerjee.Imon@mayo.edu

  Affiliations School of Computing And Augmented Intelligence Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arziona, United States of America, Mayo Clinic Arizona Department of Radiology, Phoenix, Arziona, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3327-8004

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