Relative contribution of COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection to population-level seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies in a large integrated health system

• Tyler C. Chervo,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America

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• Eric P. Elkin,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America

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• Joshua R. Nugent,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4479-9673

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• Emily Valice,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-9727

  ⨯
• Laura B. Amsden,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1178-2792

  ⨯
• Isaac J. Ergas,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3187-9754

  ⨯
• Julie R. Munneke,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1908-4218

  ⨯
• Monica Flores,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America

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• Gina N. Saelee,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Crystal A. Hsiao,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0806-2671

  ⨯
• Jeffery M. Schapiro,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America

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• Charles P. Quesenberry,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8272-9126

  ⨯
• Douglas A. Corley,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America, The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6132-5165

  ⨯
• Laurel A. Habel,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7230-587X

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• Lawrence H. Kushi,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America

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•  [ ... ],
• Jacek Skarbinski

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft

  * E-mail: jacek.skarbinski@kp.org

  Affiliations Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America, The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America, Department of Infectious Diseases, Oakland Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America, Physician Researcher Program, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1630-5733

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