A novel fusion of genetic grey wolf optimization and kernel extreme learning machines for precise diabetic eye disease classification

• Abdul Qadir Khan,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China

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• Guangmin Sun,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology

  Affiliation Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China

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• Majdi Khalid,

  Roles Methodology, Software, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Computing, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

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• Azhar Imran,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Creative Technologies, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3598-2780

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• Anas Bilal,

  Roles Methodology, Software, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations College of Information Science and Technology, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China, Key Laboratory of Data Science and Smart Education, Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China

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• Muhammad Azam,

  Roles Investigation, Validation, Visualization

  Affiliation Department of Computer Science, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan

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• Raheem Sarwar

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation

  * E-mail: R.Sarwar@mmu.ac.uk

  Affiliation OTEHM, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0640-807X

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