Brood indicators are an early warning signal of honey bee colony loss—a simulation-based study

• Jürgen Groeneveld ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: juergen.groeneveld@ufz.de

  Affiliation Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, Germany

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2338-4636

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• Richard Odemer ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Richard Odemer, Fabrice Requier

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI)–Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig, Germany

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2230-4294

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• Fabrice Requier

  Contributed equally to this work with: Richard Odemer, Fabrice Requier

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

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