BCG activation of trained immunity is associated with induction of cross reactive COVID-19 antibodies in a BCG vaccinated population

• Najeeha Talat Iqbal ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Najeeha Talat Iqbal, Kumail Ahmed, Rabia Hussain

  Roles Writing – original draft

  * E-mail: najeeha.iqbal@aku.edu

  Affiliations Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4026-5655

  ⨯
• Kumail Ahmed ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Najeeha Talat Iqbal, Kumail Ahmed, Rabia Hussain

  Roles Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

  ⨯
• Tehniat Sattar,

  Roles Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

  ⨯
• Fatima Aziz,

  Roles Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

  ⨯
• Rabia Hussain

  Contributed equally to this work with: Najeeha Talat Iqbal, Kumail Ahmed, Rabia Hussain

  Roles Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

  ⨯