Maximum trunk tip force assessment related to trunk position and prehensile ’fingers’ implication in African savannah elephants

• Pauline Costes ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: pauline.costes0@gmail.com

  Affiliations Adaptive Mechanisms and Evolution, UMR 7179 CNRS/MNHN, Paris, France, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205 CNRS/MNHN /SU/EPHE/UA, Paris, France

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1432-9141

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• Arnaud Delapré,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205 CNRS/MNHN /SU/EPHE/UA, Paris, France

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• Céline Houssin,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205 CNRS/MNHN /SU/EPHE/UA, Paris, France

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• Baptiste Mulot,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation ZooParc de Beauval & Beauval Nature, Saint-Aignan, France

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• Emmanuelle Pouydebat ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Emmanuelle Pouydebat, Raphaël Cornette

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Adaptive Mechanisms and Evolution, UMR 7179 CNRS/MNHN, Paris, France

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• Raphaël Cornette

  Contributed equally to this work with: Emmanuelle Pouydebat, Raphaël Cornette

  Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205 CNRS/MNHN /SU/EPHE/UA, Paris, France

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