Comparing modern identification methods for wild bees: Metabarcoding and image-based morphological taxonomic assignment

• Cassandra D. Smith ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  * E-mail: cassandrasmith@usgs.gov

  Affiliation Oregon Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Bend, Oregon, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1088-1772

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• Robert S. Cornman,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Fort Collins Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America

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• Jennifer A. Fike,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Fort Collins Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America

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• Johanna M. Kraus,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Columbia Environmental Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9513-4129

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• Sara J. Oyler-McCance,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Fort Collins Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-8769

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• Carrie E. Givens,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Upper Midwest Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Lansing, Michigan, United States of America

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• Michelle L. Hladik,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation California Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Sacramento, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712

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• Mark W. Vandever,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Fort Collins Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America

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• Dana W. Kolpin,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Central Midwest Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

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• Kelly L. Smalling

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation New Jersey Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1214-4920

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