Measuring political radicalism and extremism in surveys: Three new scales

• Sebastian Jungkunz ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: sebastian.jungkunz@uni-bonn.de

  Affiliations Institute of Political Science and Sociology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany, Institute of Political Science, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1040-8635

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• Marc Helbling,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Chair of Sociology, Migration and Integration, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany

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• Nina Osenbrügge

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Chair of Sociology, Migration and Integration, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany

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