Surgical appropriateness nudges: Developing behavioral science nudges to integrate appropriateness criteria into the decision making of spine surgeons

• Teryl K. Nuckols ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: teryl.nuckols@cshs.org

  Affiliations RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, United States of America, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0416-1595

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• Peggy G. Chen,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, United States of America

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• Kanaka D. Shetty,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, United States of America

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• Harsimran S. Brara,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America

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• Neel Anand,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America

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• Nabeel Qureshi,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, United States of America

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• David L. Skaggs,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America

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• Jason N. Doctor,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Leonard D. Schaeffer Center for Health Policy & Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America

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• Joshua M. Pevnick,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America

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• Anne F. Mannion,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Schulthess Klinik, Zürich, Switzerland

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• Surgical Appropriateness Nudge Authorship Group

  ¶Membership of the Surgical Appropriateness Nudge Authorship Group is provided in the Acknowledgments.

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