Local circulation of elites punctuated by transregional mobility enabled steppe political consolidation in the Xiongnu nomadic state

• Cheryl A. Makarewicz ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: c.makarewicz@ufg.uni-kiel.de

  Affiliations Archaeology Stable Isotope Laboratory, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, Institute for Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1649-336X

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• Christine Winter-Schuh,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Archaeology Stable Isotope Laboratory, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, Institute for Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany

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• Meghan Jackson,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Meghan Jackson, Ossifrage Exploration Consulting LLC, Huelva, Spain

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• Erik G. Johannesson,

  Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Erik G. Johannesson, Circle CRM Group Inc., Calgary, Canada

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• Chunag Amartuvshin,

  Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Chunag Amartuvshin, Archaeological Research Center, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

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• William Honeychurch

  Roles Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Resources, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation William Honeychurch, Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America

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