Establishing language and ethnic equivalence for health-related quality of life item banks and testing their efficiency via computerised adaptive testing simulations

• Yu Heng Kwan,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore, Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, Centre of Population Health and Implementation Research, SingHealth Regional Health System, Singapore, Singapore

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7802-9696

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• Eva Fenwick,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Eye Research Institute and Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

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• Ying Ying Leung,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8492-6342

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• Warren Fong,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1891-1892

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• Ting Hui Woon,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

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• Ling Xiang,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

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• Ecosse Lamoureux,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Eye Research Institute and Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8674-5705

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• Julian Thumboo

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: julian.thumboo@singhealth.com.sg

  Affiliations Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore, Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, Centre of Population Health and Implementation Research, SingHealth Regional Health System, Singapore, Singapore, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6712-5535

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