A fractional perspective on the transmission dynamics of a parasitic infection, considering the impact of both strong and weak immunity

• Tao-Qian Tang ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  ¶☯ All these authors are contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, International Intercollegiate Ph.D. Program, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Department of Family and Community Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5007-6992

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• Rashid Jan ,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation

  ¶☯ All these authors are contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Putrajaya Campus, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

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• Zahir Shah ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision

  * E-mail: zahir@ulm.edu.pk (ZS); vrinceanu.narcisai@ulbsibiu.ro (NV)

  ¶☯ All these authors are contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat, KPK, Pakistan

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5539-4225

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• Narcisa Vrinceanu ,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Visualization

  * E-mail: zahir@ulm.edu.pk (ZS); vrinceanu.narcisai@ulbsibiu.ro (NV)

  ¶☯ All these authors are contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Department of Industrial Machines and Equipments, Faculty of Engineering, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania

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• Ciprian Tanasescu ,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Validation

  ¶☯ All these authors are contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliations Preclin Dept, Fac Med, Lucian Blaga Univ Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania, Dept Surg, Romania Sibiu Cty Clin Emergency Hosp, Sibiu, Romania

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• Asif Jan

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft

  ¶☯ All these authors are contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China

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