Topological defects in self-assembled patterns of mesenchymal stromal cells in vitro are predictive attributes of condensation and chondrogenesis

• Ekta Makhija ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: emakhija@gmail.com (EM); poon.zhi.yong@sgh.com.sg (ZP); krystyn@mit.edu (KJVV)

  Affiliation Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-medicine (CAMP) Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, Singapore

  ⨯
• Yang Zheng,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-medicine (CAMP) Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, Singapore, NUS Tissue Engineering Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

  ⨯
• Jiahao Wang,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4268-8021

  ⨯
• Han Ren Leong,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliations Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-medicine (CAMP) Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, Singapore, Engineering Science Programme, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

  ⨯
• Rashidah Binte Othman,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-medicine (CAMP) Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, Singapore

  ⨯
• Ee Xien Ng,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-medicine (CAMP) Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, Singapore

  ⨯
• Eng Hin Lee,

  Roles Conceptualization

  Affiliations Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-medicine (CAMP) Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, Singapore, NUS Tissue Engineering Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

  ⨯
• Lisa Tucker Kellogg,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-medicine (CAMP) Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, Singapore, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

  ⨯
• Yie Hou Lee,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-medicine (CAMP) Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, Singapore, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS, Singapore, Singapore, SingHealth Duke-NUS Cell Therapy Centre, Singapore, Singapore

  ⨯
• Hanry Yu,

  Roles Conceptualization

  Affiliations Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-medicine (CAMP) Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, Singapore, Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore

  ⨯
• Zhiyong Poon ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: emakhija@gmail.com (EM); poon.zhi.yong@sgh.com.sg (ZP); krystyn@mit.edu (KJVV)

  Affiliations Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-medicine (CAMP) Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, Singapore, SingHealth Duke-NUS Cell Therapy Centre, Singapore, Singapore, Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

  ⨯
• Krystyn J. Van Vliet

  Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: emakhija@gmail.com (EM); poon.zhi.yong@sgh.com.sg (ZP); krystyn@mit.edu (KJVV)

  Affiliations Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-medicine (CAMP) Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, Singapore, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5735-0560

  ⨯