Sustained Mood Improvement with Laughing Gas Exposure (SMILE): Study protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial of nitrous oxide for treatment-resistant depression

• Karim S. Ladha ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Karim S. Ladha, Jiwon Lee

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: karim.ladha@mail.utoronto.ca

  Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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• Jiwon Lee ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Karim S. Ladha, Jiwon Lee

  Roles Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7903-1883

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• Gabriella F. Mattina,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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• Janneth Pazmino-Canizares,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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• Duminda N. Wijeysundera,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5897-8605

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• Fatemeh Gholamali Nezhad,

  Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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• Kaylyssa Philip,

  Roles Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9207-9427

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• Vanessa K. Tassone,

  Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9208-8809

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• Fathima Adamsahib,

  Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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• Venkat Bhat,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Neuroscience Research Program, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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• on behalf of the SMILE Study Investigators

  ¶Membership of the SMILE Study Investigators is provided in the Acknowledgments.

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