Optimizing energy efficiency in heterogeneous networks: An integrated stochastic geometry approach with novel sleep mode strategies and QoS framework

• Amna Shabbir,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliations Department of Electronic Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan, Faculty of Computer and Information, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4793-0403

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• Safdar Rizvi,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology

  Affiliation Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Karachi Campus, Karachi, Pakistan

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• Muhammad Mansoor Alam,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Faculty of Computer and Information, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia

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• Faizan Shirazi,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Electronic Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan

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• Mazliham Mohd Su’ud

  Roles Funding acquisition, Supervision

  * E-mail: mazliham@mmu.edu.my

  Affiliation Malaysian Institute of Information Technology, University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5042-5267

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