Evaluating the efficiency, productivity change, and technology gaps of China’s provincial higher education systems: A comprehensive analytical framework

• Jiani Liu,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources

  Affiliation Department of English Education, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea

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• Kim Jungyin,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software

  Affiliation Department of English Education, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea

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• Shim Jaewoo,

  Roles Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation

  Affiliation Department of English Education, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea

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• Lee Heechul,

  Roles Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of English Education, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea

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• Wasi Ul Hassan Shah

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: wasi450@yahoo.com

  Affiliations School of Management, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China, Department of Economics, University of Religions and Denominations, Qom, Iran

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1470-4861

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