The development of a safe opioid use agreement for surgical care using a modified Delphi method

• Cassandra B. Iroz,

  Roles Formal analysis, Project administration, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Northwestern Quality Improvement, Research, & Education in Surgery (NQUIRES), Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3725-7582

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• Willemijn L. A. Schäfer,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Northwestern Quality Improvement, Research, & Education in Surgery (NQUIRES), Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America

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• Julie K. Johnson,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Northwestern Quality Improvement, Research, & Education in Surgery (NQUIRES), Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America

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• Meagan S. Ager,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Mathematica Policy Research, Chicago, IL, United States of America

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• Reiping Huang,

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Northwestern Quality Improvement, Research, & Education in Surgery (NQUIRES), Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America

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• Salva N. Balbale,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft

  Affiliations Northwestern Quality Improvement, Research, & Education in Surgery (NQUIRES), Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America, Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Health Services Research & Development, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4336-7489

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• Jonah J. Stulberg ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft

  * E-mail: jonah.j.stulberg@uth.tmc.edu

  Affiliation Department of Surgery, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States of America

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• on behalf of the Opioid Agreement Delphi Group

  ¶Membership of the Opioid Agreement Delphi Group is provided in Acknowledgments.

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