Practices and motives behind antibiotics provision in drug outlets in Tanzania: A qualitative study

Pendo M. Ndaki; Joseph R. Mwanga; Martha F. Mushi; Eveline T. Konje; Kathryn Jean Fredricks; Mike Kesby; Alison Sandeman; Stella Mugassa; Msilikale W. Manyiri; Olga Loza; Katherine Keenan; Stanley M. Mwita; Matthew T. G. Holden; Stephen E. Mshana

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0290638

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Practices and motives behind antibiotics provision in drug outlets in Tanzania: A qualitative study

Pendo M. Ndaki ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Pendo M. Ndaki, Joseph R. Mwanga, Martha F. Mushi, Eveline T. Konje, Kathryn Jean Fredricks, Mike Kesby, Alison Sandeman, Matthew T. G. Holden, Stephen E. Mshana

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: pendondaki@yahoo.com

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2238-7627

⨯
Joseph R. Mwanga ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Pendo M. Ndaki, Joseph R. Mwanga, Martha F. Mushi, Eveline T. Konje, Kathryn Jean Fredricks, Mike Kesby, Alison Sandeman, Matthew T. G. Holden, Stephen E. Mshana

Roles Formal analysis, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
⨯
Martha F. Mushi ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Pendo M. Ndaki, Joseph R. Mwanga, Martha F. Mushi, Eveline T. Konje, Kathryn Jean Fredricks, Mike Kesby, Alison Sandeman, Matthew T. G. Holden, Stephen E. Mshana

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
⨯
Eveline T. Konje ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Pendo M. Ndaki, Joseph R. Mwanga, Martha F. Mushi, Eveline T. Konje, Kathryn Jean Fredricks, Mike Kesby, Alison Sandeman, Matthew T. G. Holden, Stephen E. Mshana

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
⨯
Kathryn Jean Fredricks ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Pendo M. Ndaki, Joseph R. Mwanga, Martha F. Mushi, Eveline T. Konje, Kathryn Jean Fredricks, Mike Kesby, Alison Sandeman, Matthew T. G. Holden, Stephen E. Mshana

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
⨯
Mike Kesby ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Pendo M. Ndaki, Joseph R. Mwanga, Martha F. Mushi, Eveline T. Konje, Kathryn Jean Fredricks, Mike Kesby, Alison Sandeman, Matthew T. G. Holden, Stephen E. Mshana

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
⨯
Alison Sandeman ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Pendo M. Ndaki, Joseph R. Mwanga, Martha F. Mushi, Eveline T. Konje, Kathryn Jean Fredricks, Mike Kesby, Alison Sandeman, Matthew T. G. Holden, Stephen E. Mshana

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Division of Infection and Global Health, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
⨯
Stella Mugassa ,

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

¶‡ SM, MWM, OL, KK and SMM also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
⨯
Msilikale W. Manyiri ,

Roles Writing – review & editing

¶‡ SM, MWM, OL, KK and SMM also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
⨯
Olga Loza ,

Roles Writing – review & editing

¶‡ SM, MWM, OL, KK and SMM also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
⨯
Katherine Keenan ,

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

¶‡ SM, MWM, OL, KK and SMM also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
⨯
Stanley M. Mwita ,

Roles Writing – review & editing

¶‡ SM, MWM, OL, KK and SMM also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation School of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0563-6705

⨯
Matthew T. G. Holden ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Pendo M. Ndaki, Joseph R. Mwanga, Martha F. Mushi, Eveline T. Konje, Kathryn Jean Fredricks, Mike Kesby, Alison Sandeman, Matthew T. G. Holden, Stephen E. Mshana

Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision

Affiliation School of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
⨯
Stephen E. Mshana

Contributed equally to this work with: Pendo M. Ndaki, Joseph R. Mwanga, Martha F. Mushi, Eveline T. Konje, Kathryn Jean Fredricks, Mike Kesby, Alison Sandeman, Matthew T. G. Holden, Stephen E. Mshana

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
⨯

Practices and motives behind antibiotics provision in drug outlets in Tanzania: A qualitative study

Pendo M. Ndaki,
Joseph R. Mwanga,
Martha F. Mushi,
Eveline T. Konje,
Kathryn Jean Fredricks,
Mike Kesby,
Alison Sandeman,
Stella Mugassa,
Msilikale W. Manyiri,
Olga Loza

Published: August 31, 2023
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290638

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Tanzania
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