Methods for improving participation rates in national self-administered web/mail surveys: Evidence from the United States

• Brady T. West ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: bwest@umich.edu

  Affiliation Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0160-1388

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• Shiyu Zhang,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

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• James Wagner,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

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• Rebecca Gatward,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

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• Htay-Wah Saw,

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

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• William G. Axinn

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: bwest@umich.edu

  Affiliation Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

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