Was retrospective change measurement conducted with Covid-19 containment inconsistent? Comparing prospective and retrospective change measures using data from a national survey on substance use and addictive behaviors

• Marc Dupuis ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: marc.dupuis@unibe.ch

  Affiliation Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7580-559X

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• Joseph Studer,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Service of Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Service of Adult Psychiatry North-West, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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• Matthias Wicki,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute for Research, Development and Evaluation, Bern University of Teacher Education, Bern, Switzerland

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4255-5931

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• Simon Marmet,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation School of Social Work, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Olten, Switzerland

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• Gerhard Gmel

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Service of Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Addiction Switzerland, Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, United Kingdom

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