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Open Access
Peer-reviewed
Research Article
The expendables: Bioarchaeological evidence for pauper apprentices in 19th century England and the health consequences of child labour
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Rebecca L. Gowland ,
Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
* E-mail: rebecca.gowland@durham.ac.uk
Affiliation Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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Anwen C. Caffell,
Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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Leslie Quade,
Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Anthropology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Alysa Levene,
Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation School of History, Philosophy and Culture, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Andrew R. Millard,
Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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Malin Holst,
Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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Poppy Yapp,
Roles Formal analysis, Methodology
Affiliation BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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S. Delaney,
Roles Formal analysis, Visualization
Affiliations BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, United Kingdom, BAAC, Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
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Chloe Brown,
Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology
Affiliation BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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Geoff Nowell,
Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology
Affiliation Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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Colin McPherson,
Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology
Affiliation Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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Heidi A. Shaw,
Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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Nicolas A. Stewart,
Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
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Sally Robinson,
Roles Funding acquisition, Project administration
Affiliation Washburn Heritage Centre, Harrogate, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom
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Janet Montgomery,
Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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Michelle M. Alexander
Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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The expendables: Bioarchaeological evidence for pauper apprentices in 19th century England and the health consequences of child labour
- Rebecca L. Gowland,
- Anwen C. Caffell,
- Leslie Quade,
- Alysa Levene,
- Andrew R. Millard,
- Malin Holst,
- Poppy Yapp,
- S. Delaney,
- Chloe Brown,
- Geoff Nowell
- Published: May 17, 2023
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284970