The modifier effect of physical activity, body mass index, and age on the association of metformin and chronic back pain: A cross-sectional analysis of 21,899 participants from the UK Biobank

• Ana Paula Carvalho-e-Silva ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Project administration, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: ana.carvalhosilva@sydney.edu.au

  Affiliations Faculty of Medicine and Health, Musculoskeletal Pain Hub, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0079-4862

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• Paulo H. Ferreira,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Faculty of Medicine and Health, Musculoskeletal Pain Hub, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

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• Alison R. Harmer,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

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• Jan Hartvigsen,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Chiropractic Knowledge Hub, Odense, Denmark

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• Manuela L. Ferreira

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, The Kolling Institute, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

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