Determinants of mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during first and second waves of the pandemic: A retrospective cohort study from an isolation center in Kano, Nigeria

• Farouq Muhammad Dayyab ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: farouqmuhd@yahoo.com

  Current address: Department of Medicine, King Hamad University Hospital, Muharraq, Bahrain

  Affiliations Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Hospital, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria, Department of Medicine, Kwanar Dawaki Isolation Center, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8920-6483

  ⨯
• Hussain Abdullahi Bashir,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Medicine, Kwanar Dawaki Isolation Center, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria, Department of Medicine, Muhammad Abdullahi Wase Teaching Hospital, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Abdulwahab Kabir Sulaiman,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Medicine, Kwanar Dawaki Isolation Center, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria, Department of Medicine, Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Garba Iliyasu,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Muhammad Hamza,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

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• Ahmad Maifada Yakasai,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, Yusuf Maitama Sule University, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Ibrahim Nashabaru,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Hadiza Saidu,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Medicine, Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria, Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

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• Bashir Garba Ahmad,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, Muhammad Abdullahi Wase Teaching Hospital, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Bashir Dabo,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America

  ⨯
• Aminu Yusuf Abubakar,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, Kwanar Dawaki Isolation Center, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Ibrahim Musa Idris,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, Kwanar Dawaki Isolation Center, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Abdulrauf Sani Yahaya,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, Kwanar Dawaki Isolation Center, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Mustapha Ado,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, Kwanar Dawaki Isolation Center, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Ibrahim Sabo Abdurrahman,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, Kwanar Dawaki Isolation Center, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Hafizu Musa Usman,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, Kwanar Dawaki Isolation Center, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Mohammed Kabiru Bello,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, Kwanar Dawaki Isolation Center, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Jaafar Suleiman Jaafar,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, Kwanar Dawaki Isolation Center, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Anifowose Abdullahi,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, Kwanar Dawaki Isolation Center, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Abubakar Muhammad Alhassan,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, Kwanar Dawaki Isolation Center, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Abdulmalik Ahmad,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, Kwanar Dawaki Isolation Center, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Alika Ehima Allen,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, Kwanar Dawaki Isolation Center, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Medu Oghenekevwe Ezekiel,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Current address: East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Canterbury, England, United Kingdom

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, Kwanar Dawaki Isolation Center, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Muhammad Abdullahi Umar,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, Kwanar Dawaki Isolation Center, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Muhammad B. Abdullahi,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, Kwanar Dawaki Isolation Center, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Sahabi Kabir Sulaiman,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, Yobe State University Teaching Hospital, Yobe, Yobe State, Nigeria

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8700-229X

  ⨯
• Tijjani Hussaini,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Kano State Primary Health Care Management Board, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Amina Abdullahi Umar,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Community Medicine, Bayero University, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Aminu Ibrahim Tsanyawa,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Kano State Ministry of Health, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Sabitu Y. Shuaibu,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Kano State Agency for Control of AIDS, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Nasir Alhassan Kabo,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Kano State Hospitals Management Board, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Basheer Lawan Muhammad,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Kano State Ministry of Health, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Mohammed Nura Yahaya,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Kano State Primary Health Care Management Board, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Imam Wada Bello,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Kano State Primary Health Care Management Board, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Ashiru Rajab,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Kano State Ministry of Health, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Abdulhakim Muhammad Daiyab,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Health Development Alternative Initiative, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Aminu Faruk Kabara,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI), Lagos, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Muhammad Sule Garko,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesia, Muhammad Abdullahi Wase Teaching Hospital, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

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•  [ ... ],
• Abdulrazaq Garba Habib

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

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