Directed acyclic graphs in perioperative observational research–A systematic review and critique against best practice recommendations

• Matthew Lamont Watson,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Clinical School of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3807-8455

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• Sebastian H. M. Hickman,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom

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• Kaya Marlen Dreesbeimdiek,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation

  Affiliation Department of Engineering, Health Systems Design Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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• Katharina Kohler,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation University Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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• Daniel J. Stubbs

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: djs225@cam.ac.uk

  Affiliations Department of Engineering, Health Systems Design Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Wellcome Trust Research Fellow, University Division of Anaesthesia, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2778-5226

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