Are synchronous chats a silver lining of emergency remote instruction? Text-based chatting is disproportionately favored by women in a non-majors introductory biology course

• Rachael D. Robnett,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States of America

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• Cissy J. Ballen,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America

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• Sheritta Fagbodun,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, United States of America

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• Kelly Lane,

  Roles Conceptualization, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biology Teaching and Learning, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America

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• Sophie J. McCoy,

  Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America

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• Lecia Robinson,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, United States of America

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• Ebony I. Weems,

  Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University, Huntsville, AL, United States of America

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• Sehoya Cotner

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: harri054@umn.edu

  Affiliations Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen (Norway), Bergen, Norway, Department of Biology Teaching and Learning, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-9430

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