Appropriability and basicness of R&D: Identifying and characterising product and process inventions in patent data

• Sebastian Heinrich ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Sebastian Heinrich, Martin Wörter

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Current address: KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

  Affiliation KOF Swiss Economic Institute, Zurich, Switzerland

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5620-8490

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• Florian Seliger ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: seliger@kof.ethz.ch

  Affiliations KOF Swiss Economic Institute, Zurich, Switzerland, NZZ Media Group, Zurich, Switzerland

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6277-8235

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• Martin Wörter

  Contributed equally to this work with: Sebastian Heinrich, Martin Wörter

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition

  Current address: KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

  Affiliation KOF Swiss Economic Institute, Zurich, Switzerland

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