Age, corticosteroid treatment and site of mutations affect motor functional changes in young boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

• Giorgia Coratti ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Giorgia Coratti, Jacopo Lenkowicz

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Pediatric Neurology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Child Health Area, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy, Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6666-5628

  ⨯
• Jacopo Lenkowicz ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Giorgia Coratti, Jacopo Lenkowicz

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy

  ⨯
• Giulia Norcia,

  Roles Methodology, Resources, Supervision

  Affiliation Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy

  ⨯
• Simona Lucibello,

  Roles Investigation, Resources, Visualization

  Affiliations Pediatric Neurology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Child Health Area, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy, Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy

  ⨯
• Elisabetta Ferraroli,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Visualization

  Affiliations Pediatric Neurology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Child Health Area, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy, Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2004-8330

  ⨯
• Adele d’Amico,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Neurosciences, Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy

  ⨯
• Luca Bello,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

  ⨯
• Elena Pegoraro,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

  ⨯
• Sonia Messina,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

  ⨯
• Federica Ricci,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Neuromuscular Center, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Torino, Italy

  ⨯
• Tiziana Mongini,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Neuromuscular Center, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Torino, Italy

  ⨯
• Angela Berardinelli,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy

  ⨯
• Riccardo Masson,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy

  ⨯
• Stefano C. Previtali,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

  ⨯
• Grazia D’angelo,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy

  ⨯
• Francesca Magri,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

  ⨯
• Giacomo P. Comi,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

  ⨯
• Luisa Politano,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Cardiomyology and Medical Genetics, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0925-7158

  ⨯
• Luigia Passamano,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Cardiomyology and Medical Genetics, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy

  ⨯
• Gianluca Vita,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

  ⨯
• Valeria A. Sansone,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation The NEMO Center in Milan, Neurorehabilitation Unit, ASST Niguarda Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

  ⨯
• Emilio Albamonte,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation The NEMO Center in Milan, Neurorehabilitation Unit, ASST Niguarda Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

  ⨯
• Chiara Panicucci,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Center of Translational and Experimental Myology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, and Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health—DINOGMI, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4571-611X

  ⨯
• Claudio Bruno,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Center of Translational and Experimental Myology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, and Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health—DINOGMI, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy

  ⨯
• Antonella Pini,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Neuromuscular Pediatric Unit, UOC di Neuropsichiatria dell’età pediatrica, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy

  ⨯
• Enrico Bertini,

  Roles Data curation, Supervision, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Neurosciences, Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy

  ⨯
• Stefano Patarnello,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Supervision

  Affiliation Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy

  ⨯
• Marika Pane,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – original draft

  Affiliations Pediatric Neurology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Child Health Area, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy, Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy

  ⨯
• Eugenio Mercuri ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: eugeniomaria.mercuri@unicatt.it

  Affiliations Pediatric Neurology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Child Health Area, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy, Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9851-5365

  ⨯
•  [ ... ],
• for the italian DMD study group

  ¶Membership of the italian DMD study group is provided in the Acknowledgments.

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