Comparison of external R&D and internal R&D: Based on the perspective of S&T development of China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry

• Di Wu,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft

  Affiliations School of Business Administration, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, Shenyang Pharmaceutical and Large Health Industry Development Strategy Research Base, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

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• Su Wang,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – original draft

  Affiliations School of Business Administration, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, Shenyang Pharmaceutical and Large Health Industry Development Strategy Research Base, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

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• Senhao Chang,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology

  Affiliations School of Business Administration, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, Shenyang Pharmaceutical and Large Health Industry Development Strategy Research Base, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

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• Guiyu Lian ,

  Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: chenyuwen@syphu.edu.cn (YC); lianguiyu@163.com (GL)

  Affiliations School of Business Administration, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, Shenyang Pharmaceutical and Large Health Industry Development Strategy Research Base, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

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• Yuwen Chen

  Roles Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: chenyuwen@syphu.edu.cn (YC); lianguiyu@163.com (GL)

  Affiliations School of Business Administration, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, Shenyang Pharmaceutical and Large Health Industry Development Strategy Research Base, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1804-4653

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