Health and science-related disinformation on COVID-19: A content analysis of hoaxes identified by fact-checkers in Spain

• Bienvenido León ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Bienvenido León, María-Pilar Martínez-Costa, Ramón Salaverría, Ignacio López-Goñi

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: bleon@unav.es

  Affiliation Journalism Faculty, Department of Journalism Projects, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8556-9367

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• María-Pilar Martínez-Costa ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Bienvenido León, María-Pilar Martínez-Costa, Ramón Salaverría, Ignacio López-Goñi

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Journalism Faculty, Department of Journalism Projects, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

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• Ramón Salaverría ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Bienvenido León, María-Pilar Martínez-Costa, Ramón Salaverría, Ignacio López-Goñi

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Journalism Faculty, Department of Journalism Projects, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4188-7811

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• Ignacio López-Goñi

  Contributed equally to this work with: Bienvenido León, María-Pilar Martínez-Costa, Ramón Salaverría, Ignacio López-Goñi

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Medicine Faculty, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

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