Estimating the effects of lockdown timing on COVID-19 cases and deaths in England: A counterfactual modelling study

• Kellyn F. Arnold,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0911-5029

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• Mark S. Gilthorpe,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom, The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom

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• Nisreen A. Alwan,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom, NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) Wessex, Southampton, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4134-8463

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• Alison J. Heppenstall,

  Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation School of Social and Political Sciences, MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

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• Georgia D. Tomova,

  Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom, The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1984-8055

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• Martin McKee ,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ MM and PWGT are joint senior authors.

  Affiliation London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

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• Peter W. G. Tennant

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: P.W.G.Tennant@leeds.ac.uk

  ¶‡ MM and PWGT are joint senior authors.

  Affiliations Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom, The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom

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