Risk factors for excess all-cause mortality during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in England: A retrospective cohort study of primary care data

• Iain M. Carey ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Iain M. Carey, Derek G. Cook, David P. Strachan

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: sgjd450@sgul.ac.uk

  Affiliation Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1099-8460

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• Derek G. Cook ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Iain M. Carey, Derek G. Cook, David P. Strachan

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Tess Harris ,

  Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ TH, SD and UARC also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8671-1553

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• Stephen DeWilde ,

  Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ TH, SD and UARC also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom

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• Umar A. R. Chaudhry ,

  Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ TH, SD and UARC also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2618-9257

  ⨯
• David P. Strachan

  Contributed equally to this work with: Iain M. Carey, Derek G. Cook, David P. Strachan

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯