Social changes through the lens of language: A big data study of Chinese modal verbs

• Shan Wang ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: ummacauworld@gmail.com

  Affiliations Department of Chinese Language and Literature, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Macau, Zhuhai, China, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Zhuhai, China

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6189-8246

  ⨯
• Ruhan Liu,

  Roles Data curation

  Affiliation Department of Chinese Language and Literature, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Macau, Zhuhai, China

  ⨯
• Chu-Ren Huang

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University-Peking University Research Centre on Chinese Linguistics, Hong Kong, China

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8526-5520

  ⨯