A continent-wide high genetic load in African buffalo revealed by clines in the frequency of deleterious alleles, genetic hitchhiking and linkage disequilibrium

• Pim van Hooft ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: pim.vanhooft@wur.nl

  Affiliation Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4720-6810

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• Wayne M. Getz,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Environmental Science Policy & Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

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• Barend J. Greyling,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Agricultural Research Council, Irene, South Africa

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• Bas Zwaan,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands

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• Armanda D. S. Bastos

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa

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