Epidemiology of Nosema spp. and the effect of indoor and outdoor wintering on honey bee colony population and survival in the Canadian Prairies

• Rosanna N. Punko ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: punkor@myumanitoba.ca

  Affiliation Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5435-9148

  ⨯
• Robert W. Currie,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

  ⨯
• Medhat E. Nasr,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Government of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

  ⨯
• Shelley E. Hoover

  Roles Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9462-7039

  ⨯