Flatten the curve: Empirical evidence on how non-pharmaceutical interventions substituted pharmaceutical treatments during COVID-19 pandemic

• Weiyu Luo,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Maryland Transportation Institute (MTI), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7987-2199

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• Wei Guo,

  Roles Methodology

  Affiliation Asia-Pacific Academy of Economics and Management and Faculty of Business Administration, University of Macau, Macau, China

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• Songhua Hu,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Maryland Transportation Institute (MTI), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America

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• Mofeng Yang,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization

  Affiliation Maryland Transportation Institute (MTI), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America

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• Xinyuan Hu,

  Roles Investigation, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Maryland Transportation Institute (MTI), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America

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• Chenfeng Xiong

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft

  * E-mail: cxiong@umd.edu

  Affiliations Maryland Transportation Institute (MTI), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America, Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4237-1750

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