Distance learning in higher education during COVID-19: The role of basic psychological needs and intrinsic motivation for persistence and procrastination–a multi-country study

• Elisabeth R. Pelikan ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  * E-mail: elisabeth.pelikan@univie.ac.at

  Affiliation Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2317-9237

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• Selma Korlat,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5719-5222

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• Julia Reiter,

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7451-9441

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• Julia Holzer,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0029-3291

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• Martin Mayerhofer,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2978-4385

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• Barbara Schober,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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• Christiane Spiel,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology

  Affiliation Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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• Oriola Hamzallari,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Aleksandër Moisiu University, Durrës, Albania

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1154-7779

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• Ana Uka,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Philology and Education, Bedër University, Tirana, Albania

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9039-8504

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• Jiarui Chen,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China

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• Maritta Välimäki,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China, Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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• Zrinka Puharić,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Study of Nursing, University of Applied Sciences Bjelovar, Bjelovar, Croatia

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• Kelechi Evans Anusionwu,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Baltic Film, Media and Arts School, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2946-076X

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• Angela Nkem Okocha,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Baltic Film, Media and Arts School, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-6183

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• Anastassia Zabrodskaja,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Baltic Film, Media and Arts School, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia

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• Katariina Salmela-Aro,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

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• Udo Käser,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

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• Anja Schultze-Krumbholz,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Chair of Educational Psychology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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• Sebastian Wachs,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Educational Studies, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2787-6646

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• Finnur Friðriksson,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Faculty of Education, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland

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• Hermína Gunnþórsdóttir,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Faculty of Education, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland

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• Yvonne Höller,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Faculty of Education, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland

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• Ikuko Aoyama,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Global Education, Tsuru University, Tsuru, Japan

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• Akihiko Ieshima,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Career Center, Osaka University, Osaka University, Suita, Japan

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6423-375X

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• Yuichi Toda,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Graduate School of Education, Osaka Kyoiku University, Kashiwara, Japan

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• Jon Konjufca,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Prishtina ’Hasan Prishtina’, Pristina, Kosovo

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• Njomza Llullaku,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Social Work, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Pristina ’Hasan Prishtina’, Pristina, Kosovo

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• Reda Gedutienė,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Klaipėda University, Klaipėda, Lithuania

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• Glorianne Borg Axisa,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Geography Department, Junior College, University of Malta, Msida, Malta

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• Irena Avirovic Bundalevska,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Family Studies, Faculty of Philosophy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1609-000X

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• Angelka Keskinova,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Family Studies, Faculty of Philosophy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3698-0501

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• Makedonka Radulovic,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Family Studies, Faculty of Philosophy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3753-1521

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• Aleksandra Lewandowska-Walter,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland

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• Justyna Michałek-Kwiecień,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland

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• Piotr Plichta,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Faculty of Historical and Pedagogical Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland

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• Jacek Pyżalski,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Faculty of Educational Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5817-276X

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• Natalia Walter,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Faculty of Educational Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2347-9312

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• Cristina Cautisanu,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation CERNESIM Environmental Research Center, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iași, România

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4457-1185

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• Ana Iolanda Voda,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Social Sciences and Humanities Research Department, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași, Iași, România

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• Shang Gao,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Informatics, Örebro University School of Business, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3722-6797

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• Sirajul Islam,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Informatics, Örebro University School of Business, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7907-6037

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• Kai Wistrand,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Informatics, Örebro University School of Business, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1394-3783

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• Michelle F. Wright,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Faculty of Social Studies, Penn State University, State College, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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•  [ ... ],
• Marko Lüftenegger

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, Department for Teacher Education, Centre for Teacher Education, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8112-976X

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