The absence of fans removes the home advantage associated with penalties called by National Hockey League referees

• Joël Guérette,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, University of Quebec in Outaouais, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada

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• Caroline Blais,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, University of Quebec in Outaouais, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada

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• Daniel Fiset

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: daniel.fiset@uqo.ca

  Affiliation Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, University of Quebec in Outaouais, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2111-3269

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