Fault-tolerant scheme for robotic manipulator—Nonlinear robust back-stepping control with friction compensation

• Khurram Ali,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan

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• Adeel Mehmood,

  Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation

  Affiliation Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0440-4347

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• Jamshed Iqbal

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: j.iqbal@hull.ac.uk

  Affiliation Department of Computer Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0795-0282

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