Psychological distress among frontline workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed-methods study

• Wieke E. van der Goot ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: w.e.van.der.goot@rug.nl

  Affiliations Martini Academy, Martini Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands, Center for Educational Development and Research in Health Sciences (CEDAR), Lifelong Learning, Education and Assessment Research Network (LEARN), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7071-5034

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• Robbert J. Duvivier,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Center for Educational Development and Research in Health Sciences (CEDAR), Lifelong Learning, Education and Assessment Research Network (LEARN), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands

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• Nico W. Van Yperen,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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• Marco A. de Carvalho-Filho,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Center for Educational Development and Research in Health Sciences (CEDAR), Lifelong Learning, Education and Assessment Research Network (LEARN), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, ICVS Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-4092

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• Kirsten E. Noot,

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Center for Educational Development and Research in Health Sciences (CEDAR), Lifelong Learning, Education and Assessment Research Network (LEARN), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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• Renee Ikink,

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Center for Educational Development and Research in Health Sciences (CEDAR), Lifelong Learning, Education and Assessment Research Network (LEARN), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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• Rijk O. B. Gans,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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• Eveline Kloeze,

  Roles Conceptualization, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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• Jaap E. Tulleken,

  Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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• A. J. Jolanda Lammers,

  Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine / Infectious Diseases, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands

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• A. Debbie C. Jaarsma,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Center for Educational Development and Research in Health Sciences (CEDAR), Lifelong Learning, Education and Assessment Research Network (LEARN), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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• Wouter F. W. Bierman

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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