Polygenic scores for smoking and educational attainment have independent influences on academic success and adjustment in adolescence and educational attainment in adulthood

• Brian M. Hicks ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: brianhic@med.umich.edu

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9528-6771

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• D. Angus Clark,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America

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• Joseph D. Deak,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, Connecticut, United States of America

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• Jonathan D. Schaefer,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4112-9268

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• Mengzhen Liu,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

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• Seonkyeong Jang,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

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• C. Emily Durbin,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America

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• Wendy Johnson,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland

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• Sylia Wilson,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

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• William G. Iacono,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

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• Matt McGue,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

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• Scott I. Vrieze

  Roles Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

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