Addressing the issue of bias in observational studies: Using instrumental variables and a quasi-randomization trial in an ESME research project

• Monia Ezzalfani ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: Monia.Ezzalfani@curie.fr

  Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Pôle de Biometrie, Institut Curie, Paris, France

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-7041

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• Raphaël Porcher,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology

  Affiliation Université de Paris, Centre of Research Epidemiology and Statistics, INSERM U1153, Paris, France

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• Alexia Savignoni,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Validation

  Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Pôle de Biometrie, Institut Curie, Paris, France

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• Suzette Delaloge,

  Roles Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France

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• Thomas Filleron,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Biostatistics unit, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, France

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0724-0659

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• Mathieu Robain,

  Roles Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Research and Development, R&D Unicancer, Paris, France

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• David Pérol,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation

  Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, DRCI, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon, France

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• ESME Group

  ¶Membership of the ESME Groups is listed in the Acknowledgments.

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