Hierarchical clustering by patient-reported pain distribution alone identifies distinct chronic pain subgroups differing by pain intensity, quality, and clinical outcomes

• Benedict J. Alter ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Benedict J. Alter, Nathan P. Anderson

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: alterbj@upmc.edu

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0171-3411

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• Nathan P. Anderson ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Benedict J. Alter, Nathan P. Anderson

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• Andrea G. Gillman,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• Qing Yin,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• Jong-Hyeon Jeong,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• Ajay D. Wasan

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6394-6077

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