Labor prior to cesarean delivery associated with higher post-discharge opioid consumption

• Holly B. Ende ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Holly B. Ende, Sara M. Burns, Brian T. Bateman, Lawrence C. Tsen

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: holly.ende@vumc.org

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0873-8854

  ⨯
• Ruth Landau ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America

  ⨯
• Naida M. Cole ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Sara M. Burns ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Holly B. Ende, Sara M. Burns, Brian T. Bateman, Lawrence C. Tsen

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Brian T. Bateman ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Holly B. Ende, Sara M. Burns, Brian T. Bateman, Lawrence C. Tsen

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Melissa E. Bauer ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Obstetric Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

  ⨯
• Jessica L. Booth ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

  ⨯
• Pamela Flood ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Lisa R. Leffert ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Timothy T. Houle ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Lawrence C. Tsen

  Contributed equally to this work with: Holly B. Ende, Sara M. Burns, Brian T. Bateman, Lawrence C. Tsen

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1964-723X

  ⨯