Target languages, types of activities, engagement, and effectiveness of extramural language learning

• Ruofei Zhang,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Mathematics and Information Technology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

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• Di Zou,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of English Language Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

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• Gary Cheng,

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Mathematics and Information Technology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5614-3348

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• Haoran Xie,

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Computing and Decision Sciences, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

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• Fu Lee Wang ,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration

  * E-mail: pwang@ouhk.edu.hk

  Affiliation School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3976-0053

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• Oliver Tat Sheung Au

  Roles Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

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