Calibration and validation of a novel hybrid model of the lumbosacral spine in ArtiSynth–The passive structures

• Robin Remus ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: remus@lpe.rub.de

  Affiliation Chair of Product Development, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3695-6595

  ⨯
• Andreas Lipphaus,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Biomechanics Research Group, Chair of Product Development, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany

  ⨯
• Marc Neumann,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Chair of Product Development, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany

  ⨯
• Beate Bender

  Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Chair of Product Development, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany

  ⨯