Effect of smoking status and programmed death-ligand 1 expression on the microenvironment and malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: A retrospective cohort study

• Takahiro Yagyuu ,

  Roles Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: t-yagyuu@naramed-u.ac.jp

  Affiliation Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3490-2371

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• Naoki Funayama,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan

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• Mitsuhiko Imada,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Software, Visualization

  Affiliation Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan

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• Tadaaki Kirita

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan

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