The retention benefits of cumulative versus non-cumulative midterms in introductory biology may depend on students’ reasoning skills

• Elizabeth G. Bailey ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: liz_bailey@byu.edu

  Affiliation Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8679-4010

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• Rebeka F. Greenall,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America

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• Madeleine M. Tullis,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7927-245X

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• Kurt R. Williams

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Current address: Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America

  Affiliation Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America

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