The influence of beam delivery uncertainty on dose uniformity and penumbra for pencil beam scanning in carbon-ion radiotherapy

• Yue Li,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Visualization, Writing – original draft

  Affiliations Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9049-0116

  ⨯
• Yunzhe Gao,

  Roles Methodology

  Affiliations Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, Huizhou Research Center of Ion Science, Huizhou, China

  ⨯
• Xinguo Liu,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China

  ⨯
• Jian Shi,

  Roles Methodology

  Affiliation Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China

  ⨯
• Jiawen Xia,

  Roles Supervision

  Affiliations Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, Huizhou Research Center of Ion Science, Huizhou, China

  ⨯
• Jiancheng Yang,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China

  ⨯
• Lijun Mao

  Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: maolijun@impcas.ac.cn

  Affiliation Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China

  ⨯