Recognition and differentiation of dural puncture click sensation: A subjective and objective prospective study of dural puncture forces using fine-gauge spinal needles

• Isao Utsumi ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Isao Utsumi, Tomasz Hascilowicz

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: isa049@jikei.ac.jp

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9687-5682

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• Tomasz Hascilowicz ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Isao Utsumi, Tomasz Hascilowicz

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

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• Sachiko Omi

  Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

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