The marginal causal effect of opium consumption on the upper gastrointestinal cancer death using parametric g-formula: An analysis of 49,946 cases in the Golestan Cohort Study, Iran

• Neda Mohammadi,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2542-4518

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• Masoomeh Alimohammadian,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Department of Human Ecology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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• Akbar Feizesani,

  Roles Conceptualization, Resources, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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• Hossein Poustchi,

  Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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• Ahad Alizadeh,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0385-463X

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• Mehdi Yaseri ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: M.Yaseri@gmail.com (MY); Mansournia_Ma@yahoo.com (MAM)

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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• Mohammad Ali Mansournia ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Resources, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: M.Yaseri@gmail.com (MY); Mansournia_Ma@yahoo.com (MAM)

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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• Alireza Sadjadi

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, No Way New Way Company, The Hague, The Netherlands

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